⁦Implicit, parametric and second derivatives, and connected rates⁩

⁦Find the gradient of a circle at a point by implicit differentiation, work out the gradient of a parametric curve, take a second derivative, and see how a changing side makes the area change⁩.

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الدليل

⁦If y is tied to x by an equation but not isolated, differentiate both sides with respect to x and attach a factor y′ wherever y appears (the chain rule)⁩: (y٢)′ = ٢y·y′.

⁦For a parametric curve x(t), y(t)⁩: dydx = dydtdxdt. ⁦The second derivative is the derivative of the derivative; it shows how the gradient itself changes⁩.

⁦When two quantities are tied together, so are their rates of change⁩: ⁦if A = x٢ then dAdt = ٢x·dxdt⁩.